We present an interferometric pump-probe technique for the characterization of attosecond electron wave packets (WPs) that uses a free WP as a reference to measure a bound WP. We demonstrate our method by exciting helium atoms using an attosecond pulse (AP) with a bandwidth centered near the ionization threshold, thus creating both a bound and a free WP simultaneously. After a variable delay, the bound WP is ionized by a few-cycle infrared laser precisely synchronized to the original AP. By measuring the delay-dependent photoelectron spectrum we obtain an interferogram that contains both quantum beats as well as multipath interference. Analysis of the interferogram allows us to determine the bound WP components with a spectral resolution much better than the inverse of the AP duration.

doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.053001
Phys. Rev. Lett.

Mauritsson, J., Remetter, T., Swoboda, M., Klünder, K., L'Huillier, A., Schafer, K. J., … Nisoli, M. (2010). Attosecond electron spectroscopy using a novel interferometric pump-probe technique. Phys.Rev.Lett., 105(Article number: 53001), 1–4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.053001